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lyophilization or lyophilisation


Term: lyophilisation or lyophilisation
Literally meaning: solvent-loving process" or “process for loving dry state”
Origin: Anc Greek
λύω/leo (=to break up, to dissolve)
+φιλέω/phileo ( “to love”, “to kiss”, “to have tenderness for”)
> πίλναμαι/pilnamai(=contact, approach)
Coined/History
 Freeze-drying procedure has been traced back to prehistory, when Eskimo preserved fish by dehydration  in the cold Arctic winds.  Ancient Peruvian Incas placed their potatoes and other crops above Machu Picchu where the temperature and atmospheric pressure are low. They placed their products in cold climates to freeze at night and then in the day it would evaporate. In medicine Altmann used freeze-drying for the preparation of histological sections as early as 1980. Shackell independently rediscovered the technique in 1909 for the preservation of biologicals as he realised that the material had to be frozen before commercing the drying process. The industrial applications of freeze-drying do not appear to have been appreciated prior to patients of Tival in 1927.
 L.R. Rey is attributed with the term lyophilisation in 1976,  by taking into account the porous nature of the dried product and its “lyophil” characteristic to rapidly reabsorb the solvent and restore the substance.  
Source
R. Altman, Die Elementarorganis men u. ihre Bezehungen zu den Zellen, 2nd Ed Leipzig (1894)
L.D. Shackell, An Improved Method of of Desccation, With Some Applications to Biological Problems Am J Physiol 24 (1909) 325-340.
Meryman HT. Historical recollections of freeze-drying. ev Biol Stand. 1976 Oct;36:29-32.
L.R Rey, International Symposium on Lyophilization of Biological Products. Washington, C.C. (1976)

Definition
Lyophilization is the procedure of  dehydration (water removal) of  products by rapid  freezing under a vacuum. One of its application is the stability of dried product for long time without destroying their physical structure.

3 comments:

  1. This blog is really nice and helpful for readers to understanding better about the Custom peptide synthesis.

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  2. Great information..using it for teaching!

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  3. Lyophilisation of Theileria parva sporozoite stabilates used for immunisation of cattle against East Coast fever would greatly improve vaccine storage and delivery. We report three attempts to lyophilise and resuscitate the sporozoites of T. parva. Sporozoites survived lyophilisation and were effective for immunisation. Lyophilised stabilate survived for 2 weeks at 5 degrees C and for 12 weeks at -20 degrees C. Lyophilized Products Manufactuer in India are the viability of the stabilates was severely reduced during lyophilisation, this work suggests that this method has potential and should be considered for other Apicomplexan parasites such as Babesia sp. or Plasmodium sp.

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